| Southern Pacific 4449 | |
|---|---|
| SP 4449 standing idle under steam, waiting to start Christmas excursion, December 13, 2005. | |
| Power type | Steam |
| Builder | Lima Locomotive Works |
| Serial number | 7817 |
| Build date | May 1941 |
| Configuration | 4-8-4 |
| Gauge | 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) |
| Weight on drivers | 275,700 lb (125,100 kg) |
| Locomotive weight | 475,000 lb (215,000 kg)[1] |
| Locomotive & tender combined weight |
870,000 lb (390,000 kg)[2] |
| Fuel type | Bunker Oil |
| Cylinder size | 25.5 in (650 mm) dia × 32 in (810 mm) stroke |
| Tractive effort | 64,800 lbf (288,000 N), 78,000 lbf (350,000 N) with booster |
| Career | Southern Pacific |
| Class | GS-4 |
| Number in class | 28 |
| Number | 4449 |
| Nicknames | "The Daylight" |
| First run | May 30, 1941 |
| Retired | October 2, 1957 |
| Restored | Removed from Oaks park on December 14, 1974 |
| Disposition | runs in occasional excursion service; based in Portland, Oregon |
Southern Pacific 4449 is the only surviving example of Southern Pacific Railroad's (SP) GS-4 class of steam locomotives. The GS-4 is a streamlined 4-8-4 (Northern) type steam locomotive. GS stands for "Golden State", a nickname for California (where the locomotive was operated in regular service), or "General Service." The locomotive was built by Lima Locomotive Works in Lima, Ohio, for SP in May 1941; it received the red-and-orange "Daylight" paint scheme for the passenger trains of the same name which it hauled for most of its service career. No. 4449 was retired from revenue service in 1957 and put into storage. In 1958 it was donated, by the railroad, to the City of Portland who then put it on static display in Oaks Park, where it remained until 1974. It was restored to operation for use in the second American Freedom Train, which toured the 48 contiguous United States for the American Bicentennial celebrations. Since then, 4449 has been operated in excursion service throughout the continental US; its operations are currently based at the Brooklyn roundhouse in Portland, where it is maintained by a group of dedicated volunteers called Friends of SP 4449. In 1983, a poll of Trains magazine readers chose the 4449 as the most popular locomotive in the nation.[3]
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4449 was the last engine manufactured in Southern Pacific's first order of GS-4 (Golden State/General Service) locomotives. 4449 was placed into service on May 30, 1941, and spent its early career assigned to the Coast Daylight, SP's premier passenger train between San Francisco and Los Angeles, California, but it also pulled many other of the SP's named passenger trains. After the arrival of newer GS-4s and GS-5s, 4449 was assigned to Golden State Route and Sunset Route passenger trains. 4449 was re-assigned to the Coast Division in the early 1950s. One of 4449's career highlights happened on October 17, 1954, when 4449 and sister 4447 pulled a special 10-car train for the Railway and Locomotive Historical Society from Los Angeles to Owenyo, California, and return. In 1955, after being one of the last few Daylight steam engines in Daylight livery, 4449 was painted black and silver and its side skirting (a streamlining feature of the Daylight steam engines) was removed due to dieselization of the Coast Daylight in January of that year. 4449 was then assigned to Southern Pacific's San Joaquin Valley line, occasionally pulling passenger trains such as the San Joaquin Daylight between Oakland and Bakersfield as well as fast freight and helper service.[4] 4449 was semi-retired from service on September 24, 1956, and was kept as an emergency back-up locomotive until it was officially retired on October 2, 1957, and was placed in storage along with several other GS-class engines near Southern Pacific's Bakersfield roundhouse.
In 1958, when most of the GS class engines had already been scrapped, a then black-and-silver painted 4449 was removed from storage and donated to the city of Portland, Oregon, on April 24, 1958,[3][5] where it was placed on outdoor public display in Oaks Park.[6] Since the equipment was considered obsolete, 4449 was not actively chosen for static display. It was picked simply because it was the first in the dead line and could be removed with the least number of switching moves. During its time on display, 4449 was repeatedly vandalized and had many of its parts stolen,[7] including its builder's plates and whistle. The locomotive quickly deteriorated due to neglect. It was evaluated for restoration in 1974 after becoming a candidate to pull the American Freedom Train. Its size, power, and graceful lines made it a good fit for the Bicentennial train. After finding that 4449's bearings and rods were in good shape, it was chosen.
4449 was removed from display on December 14, 1974, and restored at Burlington Northern's Hoyt Street roundhouse in Portland and returned to operation April 21, 1975, wearing a special paint scheme of red, white, and blue. As part of the American Freedom Train, the engine pulled a display train around the most of the United States. Afterwards, 4449 pulled an Amtrak special, the Amtrak Transcontinental Steam Excursion. After nearly two years on the road, 4449 was returned to storage in Portland, this time under protective cover and not exposed to the elements.[8]
In 1981, SP 4449 was returned to its original "Daylight" colors for the first Railfair at the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento, California.[8] In 1984, 4449 pulled an all Daylight-painted train from Portland to New Orleans, Louisiana and back, to publicize the World's Fair. The 7,477-mile (12,033 km) round trip was the longest steam train excursion in US history.[9] In 1986, 4449 went to Hollywood to appear in Tough Guys, and pulled business trains for the Southern Pacific.[10] No. 4449 had another famous moment in 1989 when 4449 and Union Pacific 844 (another famous 4-8-4 steam engine) made a side-by-side entrance into the Los Angeles Union Passenger Terminal in 1989 for the station's 50th anniversary celebrations.[11] The two locomotives then raced each other on Santa Fe's and Southern Pacific's parallel main lines through Cajon Pass,[11] with 4449 eventually taking the lead. No. 4449 returned to Railfair in Sacramento in 1991 and again in 1999. In 2000, 4449 was repainted black and silver for a Burlington Northern Santa Fe employee appreciation special, then was repainted into the American Freedom Train colors again in early 2002 after the events of the September 11th terrorist attacks. In 2004, the locomotive was returned to Daylight colors again,[12] this time in its "as delivered" appearance.
On May 18, and May 19, 2007, the 4449 made another rare appearance with the Union Pacific 844 in the Pacific Northwest for the "Puget Sound Excursion", on the Burlington Northern Santa Fe railroad tracks from Tacoma to Everett, round-trip. This excursion was a tandem run with both steam locomotives pulling a Union Pacific passenger train consisting of three to four dome cars and several coaches.
On March 24, 2009, it was announced that the 4449 would attend Trainfestival 2009 in Owosso, Michigan from July 23–26 with an all-day excursion planned on the 23rd and 24th and a photo runby planned for each trip. The 4449 was then placed on display for the rest of the event, giving people the chance to visit and to meet the crew, explore the cab, and photograph the engine. The historic 2,500 mile move from Portland to Owosso was arranged by the Friends of the 4449, Amtrak, Steam Railroading Institute of Owosso, and the Friends of the 261. The Milwaukee Road 261 organization lent some of their first class passenger cars, including former Milwaukee Road Super Dome #53 and Cedar Rapids Skytop Lounge for the 4449 and for the other excursion trains at the festival. This trip marked the first time that the 4449 visited the state of Michigan since pulling the American Freedom Train in 1976. The train left Portland on July 3 and returned on October 20. Future excursions are being planned with the 15-year rebuild scheduled for 2013.
No. 4449 resides at Union Pacific's Brooklyn roundhouse in Portland along with several other historic steam and diesel locomotives.[13] The Brooklyn roundhouse is inaccessible to the public, and the Union Pacific plans to close it in January 2012. The Oregon Rail Heritage Foundation, a partnership of non-profit organizations that own or maintain historic rolling stock at the roundhouse, is constructing a new restoration facility and public interpretive center adjacent to the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (OMSI) in southeast Portland. The new facility will house the 4449 and the other rolling stock, and will include the old turntable from the Brooklyn roundhouse.[14]
No. 4449 is maintained by Doyle McCormack, retired Union Pacific engineer and collector, along with many volunteers.[15] When the engine was on display at Oaks Park, Jack Holst, a Southern Pacific employee, looked after 4449 along with two other steam locomotives, SP&S #700 and OR&N 197. Holst kept the engines' bearings and rods oiled in case they were ever to move again. Holst died in 1972 and never got to see 4449 return to operation.[16]
Only one other true Southern Pacific GS-class steam engine survives, Southern Pacific 4460, a GS-6, which is on static display at the Museum of Transportation in St. Louis, Missouri.[17] It was built during World War II, but was never painted the famous Daylight paint scheme. Instead, it was painted black and silver thus, giving it the nickname "Black Daylight".
Another survivor is St. Louis Southwestern 819, a "GS-8", at the Arkansas Railroad Museum in Pine Bluff, Arkansas; housed in the same building where the engine was built in 1942. The 819 is currently undergoing a major rebuild/upgrading and will return once again to operation.
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